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Reference Ellipsoids

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Introduction

In geodesy, a reference ellipsoid is a mathematically-defined surface that approximates the geoid, the truer figure of the Earth, or other planetary body. Because of their relative simplicity, reference ellipsoids are used as a preferred surface on which geodetic network computations are performed and point coordinates such as latitude, longitude, and elevation are defined.


Parameters

An ellipsoid can be defined in the Eye4Software Coordinate Calculator or GPS Toolkit using 3 parameters:

  • Semi Major Axis ( a );
  • Inverse Flattening ( f );
  • Squared Eccentricity ( e2 ).

The eccentricity value is optional, because this value can be calculated using the semi major axis and the flattening using the following formula:

 e2 = ( 2.0 * f ) - ( f * f )

List of the most common used ellipsoids

Ellipsoid Name EPSG# Semi Major Axis (a) Inverse Flattening (f)
Airy 1830 7001 6377563.396 299.3249646
Airy Modified 1849 7002 6377340.189 299.3249646
Australian National Sp heroid 7003 6378160 298.25
Authalic Sphere 7035 6371000 0
Average Terrestrial System 1977 7041 6378135 298.257
Bessel 1841 7004 6377397.155 299.1528128
Bessel Modified 7005 6377492.018 299.1528128
Bessel Namibia 7006 6377483.865 299.1528128
Bessel Namibia (GLM) 7046 6377397.155 299.1528128
CGCS2000 1024 6378137 298.257222101
Clarke 1858 7007 6378293.64520876 294.260676369261
Clarke 1866 7008 6378206.4 294.978698213898
Clarke 1866 Authalic Sphere 7052 6370997 0
Clarke 1866 Michigan 7009 6378450.0475489 294.978697164674
Clarke 1880 7034 6378249.14480801 293.46630765563
Clarke 1880 (Arc) 7013 6378249.145 293.4663077
Clarke 1880 (Benoit) 7010 6378300.789 293.466315538981
Clarke 1880 (IGN) 7011 6378249.2 293.466021293627
Clarke 1880 (international foot) 7055 6378306.3696 293.46630765563
Clarke 1880 (RGS) 7012 6378249.145 293.465
Clarke 1880 (SGA 1922) 7014 6378249.2 293.46598
Danish 1876 7051 6377019.25666 300
Everest (1830 Definition) 7042 6377299.36559538 300.801725543361
Everest 1830 (1937 Adjustment) 7015 6377276.345 300.8017
Everest 1830 (1962 Definition) 7044 6377301.243 300.8017255
Everest 1830 (1967 Definition) 7016 6377298.556 300.8017
Everest 1830 (1975 Definition) 7045 6377299.151 300.8017255
Everest 1830 (RSO 1969) 7056 6377295.664 300.8017
Everest 1830 Modified 7018 6377304.063 300.8017
Fischer 1960 50002 6378166 298.3
Fischer 1968 50003 6378150 298.3
Fischer Modified 50001 6378155 298.3
GEM 10C 7031 6378137 298.257223563
GRS 1967 7036 6378160 298.247167427
GRS 1967 Modified 7050 6378160 298.25
GRS 1980 7019 6378137 298.257222101
Helmert 1906 7020 6378200 298.3
Hough 1960 7053 6378270 297
Hughes 1980 7058 6378273 298.279411123064
IAG 1975 7049 6378140 298.257
Indonesian National Spheroid 7021 6378160 298.247
International 1924 7022 6378388 297
International 1924 Authalic Sphere 7057 6371228 0
Krassowsky 1940 7024 6378245 298.3
NWL 9D 7025 6378145 298.25
OSU86F 7032 6378136.2 298.257223563
OSU91A 7033 6378136.3 298.257223563
Plessis 1817 7027 6376523 308.64
Popular Visualisation Sphere 7059 6378137 0
PZ-90 7054 6378136 298.257839303
Struve 1860 7028 6378298.3 294.73
War Office 7029 6378300 296
WGS 72 7043 6378135 298.26
WGS 84 7030 6378137 298.257223563



Coordinate Conversion Software



Eye4Software Coordinate Calculator

Using the Eye4Software Coordinate Calculator, you can convert coordinates from one map datum to another easily, using the user friendly user interface. This software is shipped with a database containing allmost any map datum, reference ellipsoid and map grid around.

For more information, please have a look at the Eye4Software Coordinate Calculator product page.


Eye4Software GPS Toolkit

Using the Eye4Software GPS Toolkit which is a GPS SDK (Software Developer Kit), you will be able to add coordinate conversions to your own software, scripts or webpages in the blink of an eye. The SDK can be used with various programming environments including: Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual Basic .NET, Visual C# .NET, VB Script, Borland Delphi, Borland C++ Builder, VBA (Access and Excel) and more.

For more information please have a look at the Eye4Software GPS Toolkit product page.